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EWOD is an actuation mechanism that is based on electrically controlling a surface's wettability to aqueous liquids. Our group has reported how to create (from reservoir), drive, divide, or merge droplets, all using electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) actuation.
Jian Gong, Hsiang-Wei Lu, Gaurav Jitendra Shah
Hyejin Moon, Sung Kwon Cho, Jesse Fowler, Shih-Kang Fan, Debalina Chatterjee, Yu Chang, Junghoon Lee
"Electrowetting-Based Microfluidics for Analysis of Peptides and Proteins by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry"
Aaron R. Wheeler, Hyejin Moon, Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim, Joseph A. Loo, and Robin L. Garrell
Anal. Chem. 2004, 76,4833-4838
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"Soft Printing of Droplets pre-metered by Electrowetting"
Ui-Chong Yi., Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim
Sensors and Actuators A,114 (2004), 347-354
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"Electrowetting-on-Dielectric for Analysis of Peptides and Proteins by MATRIX Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry"
A.R. Wheeler, R.L. Garrell, H. Moon, C.-J. Kim, and J.A. Loo
Solid-State Sensor, Actuator and Microsystems Workshop (HH'04), Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, June 6-10, 2004, pp.402-3
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"Portable Digital Microfluidics Platform with Active but Disposable Lab-On-Chip"
Jian Gong, Shih-Kang Fan, and Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim
Tech. Digest of 17th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS'04), Maastricht, The Netherlands, January 25-29, 2004, pp 355-358
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"Modeling of Electrowetted Surface Tension for Addressable Microfluidic Systems: Dominant Physical Effects, Material Dependences, and Limiting Phenomena"
Benjamin Shapiro, Hyejin Moon, Robin Garrell, and Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim
IEEE Conf. MEMS, Kyoto, Japan, Jan. 2003, pp. 201-205.
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"Particle Separation and Concentration Control for Digital Microfluidic Systems"
Sung Kwon Cho and Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim
IEEE Conf. MEMS, Kyoto, Japan, Jan. 2003, pp. 686-689.
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"Manipulation of Multiple Droplets on NxM Grid by Cross-reference EWOD Driving Scheme and Pressure-Contact Packaging"
Shih-Kang Fan, Craig Hashi, and Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim
IEEE Conf. MEMS, Kyoto, Japan, Jan. 2003, pp. 694-697.
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"Soft Printing of Droplets Digitized by Electrowetting"
Ui-Chong Yi and Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim
IEEE Transducers '03 Conf. Boston, Mass. June 8-12, 2003. pp. 1804-1808.
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"Fluidic Switching of High-speed Air-liquid Two-phase Flows Using Electrowetting-on-dielectric"
Alan H. Tkaczyk, Dongeun Huh, Joong Hwan Bahng, Yu Chang, Hsien-Hung Weil, Katsuo Kurabayashi, James B. Grotberg, Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim, Shuichi Takayama
7th lnternational Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Blochemical Analysts Systems, October 5-9, 2003, Squaw Valley, California
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"Creating, Transporting, Cutting, and Merging Liquid Droplets by Electrowetting-Based Actuation for Digital Microfluidic Circuits"
Sung Kwon Cho, Hyejin Moon, and Chang-Jin Kim
Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, VOL. 12, NO. 1, Feb. 2003, pp. 70-80.
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"Light actuation of liquid by optoelectrowetting"
Pei Yu Chiou, Hyejin Moon, Hiroshi Toshiyoshi, Chang-Jin Kim, Ming C. Wu
Sensors and Actuators A, 2003, Vol. 104, pp. 222-228
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"Equilibrium behavior of sessile drops under surface tension, applied external fields, and material variations"
Benjamin Shapiro, Hyejin Moon, Robin L. Garrell, Chang-Jin "CJ" Kim
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, No. 9, pp. 5794-5811, 2003.
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"Frequency-Based Relationship of Electrowetting and Dielectrophoretic Liquid Microactuation"
T. B. Jones, J. D. Fowler, Y. S. Chang, and C.-J. Kim
Langmuir, Vol. 19, No. 18, 2003, pp. 7646-7651.
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"Reversible Switching of High-Speed Air-Liquid Two-Phase Flows Using Electrowetting-Assisted Flow-Pattern Change"
Dongeun Huh, Alan H. Tkaczyk, Joong Hwan Bahng, Yu Chang, Hsien-Hung Wei, James B. Grotberg, Chang-Jin Kim, Katsuo Kurabayashi, and Shuichi Takayama
J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2003, 125, 14678-14679
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"Low Voltage electrowetting-on-dielectric"
H. Moon, S. K. Cho, R. L. Garrell, and C.-J. Kim,
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 92, No. 7, pp. 4080-4087, 2002
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"EWOD Driving of Droplet on NxM Grid Using Single-Layer Electrode Patterns"
S.-K. Fan, P.-P. de Guzman, and C.-J. Kim,
Tech. Dig., Solid-State Sensor, Actuator, and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head Island, SC, June 2002, pp. 134-137
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"Toward Digital Microfluidic Circuits: Creating, Transporting, Cutting and Merging Liquid Droplets by Electrowetting-Based Actuation"
S. K. Cho, S.-K. Fan, H. Moon, and C.-J Kim,
IEEE Conf. MEMS, Las Vegas, NV, Jan. 2002, pp. 32-52.
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"Enhancement of Mixing by Droplet-Based Microfluidics"
J. Fowler, H. Moon and C.-J Kim,
IEEE Conf. MEMS, Las Vegas, NV, Jan. 2002, pp. 97-100.
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"Electrowetting and electrowetting-on-dielectric for microscale liquid handling"
Junghoon Lee, Hyejin Moon, Fowler, J., Schoellhammer, T., Chang-Jin Kim
IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Workshop, Interlaken, Switzerland, 21-25 Jan. 2001, pp. 259-68